​Tree or Plant Type: Shrub, Tree
        Native Locale: Chicago area, Illinois, North America
        Landscape Uses: Hedge, Massing, Utility, Windbreak
        Size Range: Small tree (15-25 feet), Compact tree (10-15 feet), Large shrub (more than 8 feet), Medium shrub (5-8 feet)
        Light Exposure: Full sun (6 hrs direct light daily)
        Hardiness Zones: Zone 2, Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 5 (Chicago), Zone 6, Zone 7, Zone 8
        Soil Preference: Acid soil, Alkaline soil
        Season of Interest: Early winter, Mid winter, Late winter, Early spring, Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer, Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall, Late fall
        Flower Color & Fragrance: Inconspicuous
        Shape or Form: Irregular, Upright
        Growth Rate: Slow
More Information:
Size & Form
Low spreading shrub or tree. Size varies by cultivar, typically 5 to 10 feet high and 8 to 12 feet wide with ascending branches.
Tree & Plant Care
Prefers open, sunny locations in light, sandy to well-drained soils, pH adaptable.
Good tolerance to windy sites.
Do not prune into center dead zone.
Disease, pests, and problems
Susceptible to juniper blight, twig blight, cedar-apple-rust, scale mites, aphids, bagworms and many other insect and disease problems.
Disease, pests, and problem resistance
Tolerant of black walnut toxicity.
Native geographic location and habitat
C-Value: 10
Found throughout North America into northern Mexico, Europe and Asia
Attracts birds & Butterflies
Birds eat the fleshy cones and disperse seeds
Bark color and texture 
Reddish brown peeling off in strips.
Leaf or needle arrangement, size, shape, and texture
Awl-shaped leaves are sharply pointed and spreading at a wide angle from the base, in whorls of three. Needles last on plant for three years before shedding.
Gray-green to blue green in summer turning yellow-green in winter.
Flower arrangement, shape, and size
Flowers are dioecious, with male and female on separate plants.
Flowers are wind pollinated.
Fruit, cone, nut, and seed descriptions
Female cone is a purple-black berry-like cone with a bloomy, blue waxy coating.
The seeds are dispersed by birds.  
Fruit is a diuretic and used to flavor gin.